CWE-191 - Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound)

Description: The product subtracts one value from another, such that the result is less than the minimum allowable integer value, which produces a value that is not equal to the correct result.
This can happen in signed and unsigned cases.

Common Consequences: Scope: Availability
Impact: DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, DoS: Resource Consumption (CPU), DoS: Resource Consumption (Memory), DoS: Instability
Notes: This weakness will generally lead to undefined behavior and therefore crashes. In the case of overflows involving loop index variables, the likelihood of infinite loops is also high.
Scope: Integrity
Impact: Modify Memory
Notes: If the value in question is important to data (as opposed to flow), simple data corruption has occurred. Also, if the wrap around results in other conditions such as buffer overflows, further memory corruption may occur.
Scope: Confidentiality, Availability, Access Control
Impact: Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Bypass Protection Mechanism
Notes: This weakness can sometimes trigger buffer overflows which can be used to execute arbitrary code. This is usually outside the scope of a program's implicit security policy.

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The product subtracts one value from another, such that the result is less than the minimum allowable integer value, which produces a value that is not equal to the correct result.